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Bristol Cathedral, formally the Cathedral Church of the Holy and Undivided Trinity, is the Church of England cathedral in the city of Bristol, England. Founded in 1140 and consecrated in 1148, it was originally St Augustine's Abbey but after the Dissolution of the Monasteries it became in 1542 the seat of the newly created Bishop of Bristol and the cathedral of the new Diocese of Bristol. It is a Grade I listed building. The eastern end of the church includes fabric from the 12th century, with the Elder Lady Chapel which was added in the early 13th century. Much of the church was rebuilt in the English Decorated Gothic style during the 14th century despite financial problems within the abbey. In the 15th century the transept and central tower were added. The nave was incomplete at the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1539 and was demolished. In the 19th century Gothic Revival a new nave was built by George Edmund Street partially using the original plans. The western twin towers, designed by John Loughborough Pearson were completed in 1888. Located on College Green, the cathedral has tall Gothic windows and pinnacled skyline. The eastern end is a hall church in which the aisles are the same height as the Choir and share the Lierne vaults. The late Norman chapter house, situated south of the transept, contains some of the first uses of pointed arches in England. In addition to the cathedral's architectural features, it contains several memorials and an historic organ. Little of the original stained glass remains with some being replaced in the Victorian era and further losses during the Bristol Blitz. ==History== Bristol Cathedral was founded as St Augustine's Abbey in 1140 by Robert Fitzharding, a wealthy local landowner and royal official. As the name suggests, the monastic precinct housed Augustinian canons.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://humanities.uwe.ac.uk/bhr/Main/dissolution/3_augustines.htm )〕 The original abbey church, of which only fragments remain, was constructed between 1140 and 1148 in the Romanesque style, known in England as Norman.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.victoriacountyhistory.ac.uk/explore/items/bristol-cathedral )〕 The dedication ceremony was held on 11 April 1148, and was conducted by the Bishops of Worcester, Exeter, Llandaff, and St Asaph. Further stone buildings were erected on the site between 1148 and 1164. Three examples of this phase survive, the chapterhouse and the abbey gatehouse, now the diocesan office, together with a second Romanesque gateway, which originally led into the abbot's quarters. T.H.B. Burrough, a local architectural historian, describes the former as "the finest Norman chapter house still standing today". Under Abbot David (1216–1234) there was a new phase of building, notably the construction in around 1220 of a chapel dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary, abutting the northern side of the choir. This building, which still stands, was to become known as the "Elder Lady Chapel". The architect, referred to in a letter as 'L', is thought to have been Adam Lock, master mason of Wells Cathedral.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://bristol-cathedral.co.uk/the-cathedral/explore-cathedral/tour-elder-lady-chapel )〕 The stonework of the eastern window of this chapel is by William the Geometer, of about 1280. Abbot David argued with the convent and was deposed in 1234 to be replaced by William of Bradstone who purchased land from the mayor to build a quay and the Church of St Augustine the Less. The next abbot was William Longe, the Chamberlain of Keynsham, whose reign was found to have lacked discipline and had poor financial management. In 1280 he resigned and was replaced as abbot by Abbot Hugh who restored good order, with money being given by Edward I.〔 Under Abbot Edward Knowle (1306-1332), a major rebuilding of the Abbey church began despite financial problems.〔 Between 1298 and 1332 the eastern part of the abbey church was rebuilt in the English Decorated Gothic style. The Black Death is likely to have affected the monastery and when William Coke became abbot in 1353 he obtained a papal bull from Pope Urban V to allow him ordain priests at a younger age to replace those who had died. Soon after the election of his successor, Henry Shellingford, in 1365 Edward III took control of the monsatery and made Maurice de Berkeley, 4th Baron Berkeley its commissioner to resolve the financial problems. In the late 14th and early 15th centuries Abbots Cernay and Daubeney restored the fortunes of the order, partly by obtaining the perpetual vicarage of several local parishes. These difficulties meant that little building work had been undertaken for nearly 100 years, however in the mid 15th century, the number of Canons increased and the transept and central tower were constructed.〔 Abbot John Newland, (1481–1515), began the rebuilding of the nave, but it was incomplete at the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1539. The partly built nave was demolished and the remaining eastern part of the church closed until it reopened as a cathedral under the secular clergy. In an edict dated June 1542, Henry VIII and Thomas Cranmer raised the building to rank of Cathedral of a new Diocese of Bristol. The new diocese was created from parts of the Diocese of Gloucester and the Diocese of Bath and Wells.〔 Paul Bush, (d. 1558) a former royal household chaplain, was created the first Bishop of Bristol.〔Nicholls & Taylor "Bristol Past & Present" 3vols. 1881〕 The new cathedral was dedicated to the Holy and Undivided Trinity. With the 19th century's Gothic Revival signalling renewed interest in Britain's ancient architectural heritage, a new nave, in a similar style to the eastern end, based on original 15th century designs, was added between 1868 and 1877 by George Edmund Street.〔 The opening ceremony was on 23 October 1877. However the west front with its twin towers, designed by John Loughborough Pearson,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://bristol-cathedral.co.uk/the-cathedral/brief-history/ )〕 was only completed in 1888. Several of the bells in the crossing tower were cast in 1887 by John Taylor & Co, however earlier bells include those from the 18th century by the Bilbie family and one by William III & Richard II Purdue made in 1658.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://dove.cccbr.org.uk/detail.php?searchString=Bristol+&numPerPage=10&searchDiocese=Bristol&searchAmount=%3D&searchMetric=cwt&Submit=Go&sortBy=Place&sortDir=Asc&DoveID=BRISTOL+01 )〕 In 1994 the ceremony took place in Bristol Cathedral for the first 32 women to be ordained as Church of England priests.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://www.churchofengland.org/our-views/women-bishops/the-women-priests-debate.aspx )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bristol Cathedral」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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